> ## Documentation Index
> Fetch the complete documentation index at: https://docs.ton.org/llms.txt
> Use this file to discover all available pages before exploring further.

<AgentInstructions>

## Submitting Feedback

If you encounter incorrect, outdated, or confusing documentation on this page, submit feedback:

POST https://docs.ton.org/feedback

```json
{
  "path": "/standard/wallets/mnemonics",
  "feedback": "Description of the issue"
}
```

Only submit feedback when you have something specific and actionable to report.

</AgentInstructions>

# Mnemonics

export const Aside = ({type = "note", title = "", icon = "", iconType = "regular", children}) => {
  const asideVariants = ["note", "tip", "caution", "danger"];
  const asideComponents = {
    note: {
      outerStyle: "border-sky-500/20 bg-sky-50/50 dark:border-sky-500/30 dark:bg-sky-500/10",
      innerStyle: "text-sky-900 dark:text-sky-200",
      calloutType: "note",
      icon: <svg width="14" height="14" viewBox="0 0 14 14" fill="currentColor" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" className="w-4 h-4 text-sky-500" aria-label="Note">
          <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M7 1.3C10.14 1.3 12.7 3.86 12.7 7C12.7 10.14 10.14 12.7 7 12.7C5.48908 12.6974 4.0408 12.096 2.97241 11.0276C1.90403 9.9592 1.30264 8.51092 1.3 7C1.3 3.86 3.86 1.3 7 1.3ZM7 0C3.14 0 0 3.14 0 7C0 10.86 3.14 14 7 14C10.86 14 14 10.86 14 7C14 3.14 10.86 0 7 0ZM8 3H6V8H8V3ZM8 9H6V11H8V9Z"></path>
        </svg>
    },
    tip: {
      outerStyle: "border-emerald-500/20 bg-emerald-50/50 dark:border-emerald-500/30 dark:bg-emerald-500/10",
      innerStyle: "text-emerald-900 dark:text-emerald-200",
      calloutType: "tip",
      icon: <svg width="11" height="14" viewBox="0 0 11 14" fill="currentColor" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" className="text-emerald-600 dark:text-emerald-400/80 w-3.5 h-auto" aria-label="Tip">
          <path d="M3.12794 12.4232C3.12794 12.5954 3.1776 12.7634 3.27244 12.907L3.74114 13.6095C3.88471 13.8248 4.21067 14 4.46964 14H6.15606C6.41415 14 6.74017 13.825 6.88373 13.6095L7.3508 12.9073C7.43114 12.7859 7.49705 12.569 7.49705 12.4232L7.50055 11.3513H3.12521L3.12794 12.4232ZM5.31288 0C2.52414 0.00875889 0.5 2.26889 0.5 4.78826C0.5 6.00188 0.949566 7.10829 1.69119 7.95492C2.14321 8.47011 2.84901 9.54727 3.11919 10.4557C3.12005 10.4625 3.12175 10.4698 3.12261 10.4771H7.50342C7.50427 10.4698 7.50598 10.463 7.50684 10.4557C7.77688 9.54727 8.48281 8.47011 8.93484 7.95492C9.67728 7.13181 10.1258 6.02703 10.1258 4.78826C10.1258 2.15486 7.9709 0.000106649 5.31288 0ZM7.94902 7.11267C7.52078 7.60079 6.99082 8.37878 6.6077 9.18794H4.02051C3.63739 8.37878 3.10743 7.60079 2.67947 7.11294C2.11997 6.47551 1.8126 5.63599 1.8126 4.78826C1.8126 3.09829 3.12794 1.31944 5.28827 1.3126C7.2435 1.3126 8.81315 2.88226 8.81315 4.78826C8.81315 5.63599 8.50688 6.47551 7.94902 7.11267ZM4.87534 2.18767C3.66939 2.18767 2.68767 3.16939 2.68767 4.37534C2.68767 4.61719 2.88336 4.81288 3.12521 4.81288C3.36705 4.81288 3.56274 4.61599 3.56274 4.37534C3.56274 3.6515 4.1515 3.06274 4.87534 3.06274C5.11719 3.06274 5.31288 2.86727 5.31288 2.62548C5.31288 2.38369 5.11599 2.18767 4.87534 2.18767Z"></path>
        </svg>
    },
    caution: {
      outerStyle: "border-amber-500/20 bg-amber-50/50 dark:border-amber-500/30 dark:bg-amber-500/10",
      innerStyle: "text-amber-900 dark:text-amber-200",
      calloutType: "warning",
      icon: <svg className="flex-none w-5 h-5 text-amber-400 dark:text-amber-300/80" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" aria-label="Warning">
          <path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" d="M12 9v2m0 4h.01m-6.938 4h13.856c1.54 0 2.502-1.667 1.732-3L13.732 4c-.77-1.333-2.694-1.333-3.464 0L3.34 16c-.77 1.333.192 3 1.732 3z"></path>
        </svg>
    },
    danger: {
      outerStyle: "border-red-500/20 bg-red-50/50 dark:border-red-500/30 dark:bg-red-500/10",
      innerStyle: "text-red-900 dark:text-red-200",
      calloutType: "danger",
      icon: <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512" fill="currentColor" className="text-red-600 dark:text-red-400/80 w-4 h-4" aria-label="Danger">
          <path d="M17.1 292c-12.9-22.3-12.9-49.7 0-72L105.4 67.1c12.9-22.3 36.6-36 62.4-36l176.6 0c25.7 0 49.5 13.7 62.4 36L494.9 220c12.9 22.3 12.9 49.7 0 72L406.6 444.9c-12.9 22.3-36.6 36-62.4 36l-176.6 0c-25.7 0-49.5-13.7-62.4-36L17.1 292zm41.6-48c-4.3 7.4-4.3 16.6 0 24l88.3 152.9c4.3 7.4 12.2 12 20.8 12l176.6 0c8.6 0 16.5-4.6 20.8-12L453.4 268c4.3-7.4 4.3-16.6 0-24L365.1 91.1c-4.3-7.4-12.2-12-20.8-12l-176.6 0c-8.6 0-16.5 4.6-20.8 12L58.6 244zM256 128c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24l0 112c0 13.3-10.7 24-24 24s-24-10.7-24-24l0-112c0-13.3 10.7-24 24-24zM224 352a32 32 0 1 1 64 0 32 32 0 1 1 -64 0z"></path>
        </svg>
    }
  };
  let variant = type;
  let gotInvalidVariant = false;
  if (!asideVariants.includes(type)) {
    gotInvalidVariant = true;
    variant = "danger";
  }
  const iconVariants = ["regular", "solid", "light", "thin", "sharp-solid", "duotone", "brands"];
  if (!iconVariants.includes(iconType)) {
    iconType = "regular";
  }
  return <>
      <div className={`callout my-4 px-5 py-4 overflow-hidden rounded-2xl flex gap-3 border ${asideComponents[variant].outerStyle}`} data-callout-type={asideComponents[variant].calloutType}>
        <div className="mt-0.5 w-4" data-component-part="callout-icon">
          {}
          {icon === "" ? asideComponents[variant].icon : <Icon icon={icon} iconType={iconType} size={14} />}
        </div>
        <div className={`text-sm prose min-w-0 w-full ${asideComponents[variant].innerStyle}`} data-component-part="callout-content">
          {gotInvalidVariant ? <p>
              <span className="font-bold">
                Invalid <code>type</code> passed!
              </span>
              <br />
              <span className="font-bold">Received: </span>
              {type}
              <br />
              <span className="font-bold">Expected one of: </span>
              {asideVariants.join(", ")}
            </p> : <>
              {title && <p className="font-bold">{title}</p>}
              {children}
            </>}
        </div>
      </div>
    </>;
};

## Key pair

TON Blockchain uses asymmetric cryptography, such as the [Ed25519](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EdDSA#Ed25519) signature scheme.

There are multiple ways to derive a key pair from a mnemonic. Below is the most common approach in TON.

<Aside>
  Some apps in the TON ecosystem may use a different derivation method, eventually producing an Ed25519-conformant key pair.
</Aside>

## Key pair from a mnemonic

To transform a mnemonic phrase into a key pair, a `seed` is first derived using [PBKDF2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PBKDF2), and the key pair is then derived from that `seed`.

PBKDF2 has [five input parameters](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PBKDF2#Key_derivation_process): `PRF`, `Password`, `Salt`, `c`, and `dkLen`. Each of those parameters is assigned a concrete value.

The most commonly used values are:

| Parameter  | Description                                                                                            | Value                                             |
| :--------- | :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | :------------------------------------------------ |
| `PRF`      | Pseudo-random function of two parameters                                                               | [HMAC‑SHA512](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMAC) |
| `Password` | Master password from which a derived key is generated                                                  | `""`                                              |
| `Salt`     | Sequence of bits, known as a [cryptographic salt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salt_\(cryptography\)) | `"TON default seed"`                              |
| `c`        | Number of iterations desired                                                                           | 100000                                            |
| `dkLen`    | Desired bit-length of the derived key                                                                  | 64                                                |

### Generate a key pair

```ts title="TypeScript" theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"dark-plus"},"languages":{"custom":["/resources/grammars/tolk.tmLanguage.json","/resources/grammars/tlb.tmLanguage.json","/resources/grammars/fift.tmLanguage.json","/resources/grammars/tasm.tmLanguage.json","/resources/grammars/func.tmLanguage.json"]}}
import { mnemonicToPrivateKey, mnemonicNew } from "@ton/crypto";

// Replace with your own persisted mnemonic phrase (see note below).
const mnemonicArray = await mnemonicNew();

// derive private and public keys from the mnemonic
const keyPair = await mnemonicToPrivateKey(mnemonicArray); 

console.log("Public Key: " + keyPair.publicKey.toString('hex'));
console.log("Private Key: " + keyPair.secretKey.toString('hex'));
```

The private key is needed to sign messages, and the public key is stored in the wallet's smart contract. When new external messages arrive on that smart contract, the public key would be used to check the authenticity of the messages signed using the corresponding private key.

<Aside type="caution" title="Important">
  Save the generated mnemonic seed phrase. If you need deterministic behavior during development, print and reuse the exact phrase so the wallet derives the same key pair on every run.
</Aside>

## Mnemonic validation

1. Check that all the words are from the list of [BIP-39](https://github.com/ton-org/ton-crypto/blob/c3435833a0da52a96f674c352c4c6f91fcc07f6d/src/mnemonic/wordlist.ts#L9).
2. If a password is used: the first byte of the derived `seed` computed with `c = 1` and `salt = 'TON fast seed version'` must equal `0`.
3. If no password is used: the first byte of the derived `seed` computed with `c = floor(100000/256) = 390` and `salt = 'TON seed version'` must equal `1`.

Random mnemonic phrases are generated until PBKDF2 yields a seed whose first byte matches the expected version (0 for the 'fast seed' parameters, 1 for the 'seed version' parameters); then a valid mnemonic is returned.

### Generate a mnemonic

```ts title="TypeScript" theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"dark-plus"},"languages":{"custom":["/resources/grammars/tolk.tmLanguage.json","/resources/grammars/tlb.tmLanguage.json","/resources/grammars/fift.tmLanguage.json","/resources/grammars/tasm.tmLanguage.json","/resources/grammars/func.tmLanguage.json"]}}
import { mnemonicNew } from "@ton/crypto";

const mnemonicArray = await mnemonicNew(); 
console.log(mnemonicArray); 
```